Facts and History of Kazahkstan

Realities and History of Kazahkstan Capital: Astana, populace 390,000 Significant Cities: Almaty, pop. 1.3 million Shymkent, 455,000 Taraz, 398,000 Pavlodar, 355,000 Oskemen, 344,000 Semey, 312,000 Kazakhstans Government Kazakhstan is ostensibly a presidential republic, despite the fact that truth be told, it is a tyranny. The president, Nursultan Nazarbayev, has been in office since before the fall of the Soviet Union, and apparatuses decisions routinely. Kazakhstans parliament has a 39-part Senate, and a 77-part Majilis or lower house. Sixty-seven individuals from the Majilis are prevalently chosen, however competitors come uniquely from star government parties. The gatherings choose the other ten. Every territory and the urban areas of Astana and Almaty select two representatives each; the last seven are named by the president. Kazakhstan has a Supreme Court with 44 appointed authorities, just as locale and re-appraising courts. Populace of Kazakhstan Kazakhstans populace is roughly 15.8 million starting at 2010. Curiously for Central Asia, most of Kazakh residents live in urban zones. Truth be told, 54% of the populace live in urban communities and towns. The biggest ethnic gathering in Kazakhstan is the Kazakhs, who make up 63.1% of the populace. Next are the Russians, at 23.7%. Littler minorities incorporate Uzbeks (2.8%), Ukrainians (2.1%), Uyghurs (1.4%), Tatars (1.3%), Germans (1.1%), and minuscule populaces of Belarusians, Azeris, Poles, Lithuanians, Koreans, Kurds, Chechens and Turks. Dialects The state language of Kazakhstan is Kazakh, a Turkic language, spoken by 64.5% of the populace. Russian is the official language of business and is the most widely used language among every ethnic gathering. Kazakh is written in the Cyrillic letter set, a relic of Russian control. President Nazarbayev has recommended changing to the Latin letter set however later withdrawn the recommendation. Religion For quite a long time under the Soviets, religion was authoritatively restricted. Since freedom in 1991, nonetheless, religion has made a great rebound. Today, just about 3% of the populace are non-adherents. 70% of Kazakhstans residents are Muslim, for the most part Sunni. Christians make up 26.6% of the populace, generally Russian Orthodox, with littler quantities of Catholics and different Protestant divisions. There are likewise little quantities of Buddhists, Jews, Hindus, Mormons and Bahai. Geology Kazakhstan is the ninth biggest nation on the planet, at 2.7 million square kilometers in territory (1.05 million square miles). Around 33% of that zone is dry steppeland, while a significant part of the remainder of the nation is prairies or sandy desert. Kazakhstan verges on Russia toward the north, China toward the east, and Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan toward the south. It likewise verges on the Caspian Sea toward the west. The most noteworthy point in Kazakhstan is Khan Tangiri Shyngy, at 6,995 meters (22,949 feet). The absolute bottom is Vpadina Kaundy, at 132 meters beneath ocean level (- 433 feet). Atmosphere Kazakhstan has a dry mainland atmosphere, implying that winters are very cold and summers are warm. Lows can hit - 20Â °C (- 4Â °F) in the winter and snow is normal. Summer highs can arrive at 30Â °C (86Â °F), which is very mellow contrasted and neighboring nations. Economy Kazakhstans economy is the most advantageous among the previous Soviet Stans, with an expected 7% yearly development rate for 2010. It has solid assistance and mechanical parts, and agribusiness contributes just 5.4% of GDP. The per capita GDP of Kazakhstan is $12,800 US. Joblessness is simply 5.5%, and 8.2% of the populace live underneath the destitution line. (CIA figures) Kazakhstan sends out oil based goods, metals, synthetic substances, grain, fleece, and meat. It imports apparatus and food. The money of Kazakhstan is the tenge. As of May, 2011, 1 USD 145.7 tenge. History of Kazakhstan The region that is currently Kazakhstan was settled by people a huge number of years back, and was overwhelmed by an assortment of roaming people groups over that time range. DNA proof proposes that the pony may have first been trained in this district; apples additionally developed in Kazakhstan, and afterward were spread to different zones by human cultivators. In notable occasions, such people groups as the Xiongnu, the Xianbei, the Kyrgyz, the Gokturks, the Uyghurs and the Karluks have managed the steppes of Kazakhstan. In 1206, Genghis Khan and the Mongols vanquished the zone, administering it until 1368. The Kazakh individuals met up under the administration of Janybek Khan and Kerey Khan in 1465, making another individuals. They applied command over what is currently Kazakhstan, considering themselves the Kazakh Khanate. The Kazakh Khanate went on until 1847. During the mid sixteenth century, the Kazakhs had the prescience to align themselves with Babur, who went on to establish the Mughal Empire in India. By right off the bat in the seventeenth century, the Kazakhs every now and again wound up at war with the amazing Khanate of Bukhara, toward the south. The two khanates battled about control of Samarkand and Tashkent, two of the significant Silk Road urban areas of Central Asia. By the mid-eighteenth century, the Kazakhs were confronting infringement from Tsarist Russia toward the north and from Qing China in the east. So as to fight off the compromising Kokand Khanate, the Kazakhs acknowledged Russian insurance in 1822. The Russians managed through manikins until the demise of Kenesary Khan in 1847â and at that point applied direct control over Kazakhstan. The Kazakhs opposed their colonization by the Russians. Somewhere in the range of 1836 and 1838, the Kazakhs ascended under the authority of Makhambet Utemisuly and Isatay Taymanuly, yet they couldn't lose Russian control. A significantly progressively genuine endeavor drove by Eset Kotibaruli transformed into an enemy of pilgrim war that would last from 1847, when the Russians forced direct control, through 1858. Little gatherings of roaming Kazakh warriors faced running conflicts with the Russian Cossacks, just as with different Kazakhs aligned with the Tsars powers. The war cost many Kazakh lives, regular people just as warriors, however Russia made a few concessions to Kazakh requests in the 1858 harmony settlement. During the 1890s, the Russian government started to settle a great many Russian ranchers onto Kazakh land, separating the field and meddling with customary roaming examples of life. By 1912, in excess of 500,000 Russian homesteads spotted Kazakh lands, dislodging the wanderers and causing mass starvation. In 1916, Tsar Nicholas II requested the enrollment of all Kazakh and other Central Asian men to battle in World War I. This enrollment request started the Central Asian Revolt, where a large number of Kazakhs and other Central Asians were murdered, and several thousand fled to western China or Mongolia. In the mayhem following the Communist takeover of Russia in 1917, the Kazakhs held onto their opportunity to declare their autonomy, setting up the brief Alash Orda, an independent government. Be that as it may, the Soviets had the option to retake control of Kazakhstan in 1920. After five years, they set up the Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Kazakh SSR), with its capital at Almaty. It turned into a (non-self-governing) Soviet republic in 1936. Under Joseph Stalins rule, the Kazakhs and other Central Asians endured awfully. Stalin forced constrained villagization on the rest of the migrants in 1936, and collectivized farming. Subsequently, more than one million Kazakhs passed on of starvation, and 80% of their valuable animals died. By and by, the individuals who had the option attempted to escape into common war attacked China. During World War II, the Soviets utilized Kazakhstan as a dumping ground for possibly incendiary minorities, for example, Germans from the western edge of Soviet Russia, Crimean Tatars, Muslims from the Caucasus, and Poles. What little food the Kazakhs had was extended again, as they attempted to take care of these destitute new-comers. Roughly 50% of the deportees passed on of starvation or illness. After World War II, Kazakhstan turned into the least disregarded of the Central Asian Soviet Republics. Ethnic Russians overflowed into work in industry, and Kazakhstans coal mineshafts helped flexibly vitality to the entirety of the USSR. The Russians additionally constructed one of their significant space program locales, the Baikonur Cosmodrome, in Kazakhstan. In September of 1989, an ethnic-Kazakh government official named Nursultan Nazarbayev turned into the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, supplanting an ethnic-Russian. On December 16, 1991, the Republic of Kazakhstan announced its freedom from the disintegrating survives from the Soviet Union. The Republic of Kazakhstan has a developing economy, thanks in huge part to its stores of petroleum products. It has privatized a significant part of the economy, however President Nazarbayev keeps up a KGB-style police stateâ and rigs decisions. (He got 95.54% of the vote in April 2011 presidential races.) The Kazakh individuals have made some amazing progress since 1991, however they have some separation to go yet before they are really liberated from the eventual outcomes of Russian colonization.