Facts and History of Kazahkstan

Realities and History of Kazahkstan Capital: Astana, populace 390,000 Significant Cities: Almaty, pop. 1.3 million Shymkent, 455,000 Taraz, 398,000 Pavlodar, 355,000 Oskemen, 344,000 Semey, 312,000 Kazakhstans Government Kazakhstan is ostensibly a presidential republic, despite the fact that truth be told, it is a tyranny. The president, Nursultan Nazarbayev, has been in office since before the fall of the Soviet Union, and apparatuses decisions routinely. Kazakhstans parliament has a 39-part Senate, and a 77-part Majilis or lower house. Sixty-seven individuals from the Majilis are prevalently chosen, however competitors come uniquely from star government parties. The gatherings choose the other ten. Every territory and the urban areas of Astana and Almaty select two representatives each; the last seven are named by the president. Kazakhstan has a Supreme Court with 44 appointed authorities, just as locale and re-appraising courts. Populace of Kazakhstan Kazakhstans populace is roughly 15.8 million starting at 2010. Curiously for Central Asia, most of Kazakh residents live in urban zones. Truth be told, 54% of the populace live in urban communities and towns. The biggest ethnic gathering in Kazakhstan is the Kazakhs, who make up 63.1% of the populace. Next are the Russians, at 23.7%. Littler minorities incorporate Uzbeks (2.8%), Ukrainians (2.1%), Uyghurs (1.4%), Tatars (1.3%), Germans (1.1%), and minuscule populaces of Belarusians, Azeris, Poles, Lithuanians, Koreans, Kurds, Chechens and Turks. Dialects The state language of Kazakhstan is Kazakh, a Turkic language, spoken by 64.5% of the populace. Russian is the official language of business and is the most widely used language among every ethnic gathering. Kazakh is written in the Cyrillic letter set, a relic of Russian control. President Nazarbayev has recommended changing to the Latin letter set however later withdrawn the recommendation. Religion For quite a long time under the Soviets, religion was authoritatively restricted. Since freedom in 1991, nonetheless, religion has made a great rebound. Today, just about 3% of the populace are non-adherents. 70% of Kazakhstans residents are Muslim, for the most part Sunni. Christians make up 26.6% of the populace, generally Russian Orthodox, with littler quantities of Catholics and different Protestant divisions. There are likewise little quantities of Buddhists, Jews, Hindus, Mormons and Bahai. Geology Kazakhstan is the ninth biggest nation on the planet, at 2.7 million square kilometers in territory (1.05 million square miles). Around 33% of that zone is dry steppeland, while a significant part of the remainder of the nation is prairies or sandy desert. Kazakhstan verges on Russia toward the north, China toward the east, and Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan toward the south. It likewise verges on the Caspian Sea toward the west. The most noteworthy point in Kazakhstan is Khan Tangiri Shyngy, at 6,995 meters (22,949 feet). The absolute bottom is Vpadina Kaundy, at 132 meters beneath ocean level (- 433 feet). Atmosphere Kazakhstan has a dry mainland atmosphere, implying that winters are very cold and summers are warm. Lows can hit - 20Â °C (- 4Â °F) in the winter and snow is normal. Summer highs can arrive at 30Â °C (86Â °F), which is very mellow contrasted and neighboring nations. Economy Kazakhstans economy is the most advantageous among the previous Soviet Stans, with an expected 7% yearly development rate for 2010. It has solid assistance and mechanical parts, and agribusiness contributes just 5.4% of GDP. The per capita GDP of Kazakhstan is $12,800 US. Joblessness is simply 5.5%, and 8.2% of the populace live underneath the destitution line. (CIA figures) Kazakhstan sends out oil based goods, metals, synthetic substances, grain, fleece, and meat. It imports apparatus and food. The money of Kazakhstan is the tenge. As of May, 2011, 1 USD 145.7 tenge. History of Kazakhstan The region that is currently Kazakhstan was settled by people a huge number of years back, and was overwhelmed by an assortment of roaming people groups over that time range. DNA proof proposes that the pony may have first been trained in this district; apples additionally developed in Kazakhstan, and afterward were spread to different zones by human cultivators. In notable occasions, such people groups as the Xiongnu, the Xianbei, the Kyrgyz, the Gokturks, the Uyghurs and the Karluks have managed the steppes of Kazakhstan. In 1206, Genghis Khan and the Mongols vanquished the zone, administering it until 1368. The Kazakh individuals met up under the administration of Janybek Khan and Kerey Khan in 1465, making another individuals. They applied command over what is currently Kazakhstan, considering themselves the Kazakh Khanate. The Kazakh Khanate went on until 1847. During the mid sixteenth century, the Kazakhs had the prescience to align themselves with Babur, who went on to establish the Mughal Empire in India. By right off the bat in the seventeenth century, the Kazakhs every now and again wound up at war with the amazing Khanate of Bukhara, toward the south. The two khanates battled about control of Samarkand and Tashkent, two of the significant Silk Road urban areas of Central Asia. By the mid-eighteenth century, the Kazakhs were confronting infringement from Tsarist Russia toward the north and from Qing China in the east. So as to fight off the compromising Kokand Khanate, the Kazakhs acknowledged Russian insurance in 1822. The Russians managed through manikins until the demise of Kenesary Khan in 1847â and at that point applied direct control over Kazakhstan. The Kazakhs opposed their colonization by the Russians. Somewhere in the range of 1836 and 1838, the Kazakhs ascended under the authority of Makhambet Utemisuly and Isatay Taymanuly, yet they couldn't lose Russian control. A significantly progressively genuine endeavor drove by Eset Kotibaruli transformed into an enemy of pilgrim war that would last from 1847, when the Russians forced direct control, through 1858. Little gatherings of roaming Kazakh warriors faced running conflicts with the Russian Cossacks, just as with different Kazakhs aligned with the Tsars powers. The war cost many Kazakh lives, regular people just as warriors, however Russia made a few concessions to Kazakh requests in the 1858 harmony settlement. During the 1890s, the Russian government started to settle a great many Russian ranchers onto Kazakh land, separating the field and meddling with customary roaming examples of life. By 1912, in excess of 500,000 Russian homesteads spotted Kazakh lands, dislodging the wanderers and causing mass starvation. In 1916, Tsar Nicholas II requested the enrollment of all Kazakh and other Central Asian men to battle in World War I. This enrollment request started the Central Asian Revolt, where a large number of Kazakhs and other Central Asians were murdered, and several thousand fled to western China or Mongolia. In the mayhem following the Communist takeover of Russia in 1917, the Kazakhs held onto their opportunity to declare their autonomy, setting up the brief Alash Orda, an independent government. Be that as it may, the Soviets had the option to retake control of Kazakhstan in 1920. After five years, they set up the Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Kazakh SSR), with its capital at Almaty. It turned into a (non-self-governing) Soviet republic in 1936. Under Joseph Stalins rule, the Kazakhs and other Central Asians endured awfully. Stalin forced constrained villagization on the rest of the migrants in 1936, and collectivized farming. Subsequently, more than one million Kazakhs passed on of starvation, and 80% of their valuable animals died. By and by, the individuals who had the option attempted to escape into common war attacked China. During World War II, the Soviets utilized Kazakhstan as a dumping ground for possibly incendiary minorities, for example, Germans from the western edge of Soviet Russia, Crimean Tatars, Muslims from the Caucasus, and Poles. What little food the Kazakhs had was extended again, as they attempted to take care of these destitute new-comers. Roughly 50% of the deportees passed on of starvation or illness. After World War II, Kazakhstan turned into the least disregarded of the Central Asian Soviet Republics. Ethnic Russians overflowed into work in industry, and Kazakhstans coal mineshafts helped flexibly vitality to the entirety of the USSR. The Russians additionally constructed one of their significant space program locales, the Baikonur Cosmodrome, in Kazakhstan. In September of 1989, an ethnic-Kazakh government official named Nursultan Nazarbayev turned into the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, supplanting an ethnic-Russian. On December 16, 1991, the Republic of Kazakhstan announced its freedom from the disintegrating survives from the Soviet Union. The Republic of Kazakhstan has a developing economy, thanks in huge part to its stores of petroleum products. It has privatized a significant part of the economy, however President Nazarbayev keeps up a KGB-style police stateâ and rigs decisions. (He got 95.54% of the vote in April 2011 presidential races.) The Kazakh individuals have made some amazing progress since 1991, however they have some separation to go yet before they are really liberated from the eventual outcomes of Russian colonization.

Eartquakes Essays - Seismology, Earthquake Engineering, Free Essays

Eartquakes Essays - Seismology, Earthquake Engineering, Free Essays Eartquakes Tremors: Why They Occur And How To Prepare For Them A tremor is one of the most impressive cataclysmic events known to man. Quakes are incredible to such an extent that they can thump down structures and extensions just as change waterway courses and cause avalanches. With all the harm seismic tremors cause the best way to shield oneself from them is to be arranged and accomplished about them. Since they can't be anticipated one should consistently be set up for them. Severe construction standards in quake inclined zones likewise help to limit the property harm caused during a tremor. Seismic tremors since forever have caused a few a huge number of passings just as serious property harm. Seismic tremors are more unpredictable than one may might suspect they are. Seismic tremors frequently happen close to plate limits since that is the place the structural plates meet. As structural plates slide past one another they cause pressure on each other. Sooner or later there is such a great amount of strain on these stones that they simply snap. The unexpected break of these stones send vibrations out every which way. Not long after the primary vibration is conveyed a subsequent vibration is conveyed called the Consequential convulsion. People can likewise cause quakes from various perspectives. Infusing liquids into profound well for squander removal, filling stores with water, and terminating underground atomic test impact, In restricted conditions lead to seismic tremors. Every one of these exercises increment the strain inside the stone close to the area of the exercises. With the goal that stones slip and slide along prior faults(Microsoft Encarta 2000). Quakes can cause a great deal of harm. They are most grounded close to the focal point. The focal point is legitimately over the point that the earths outside snaps. The more distant from the focal point the more vulnerable the vibrations of the tremor are. That implies the zone near the focal point will get more harm and regions more remote from the focal point will get less harm. Just as good ways from the focal point the sort of zone a tremor happens in has impact on how much harm is caused. Immature nations appear to endure significantly more harm than a created nation. Immature nations have less exacting construction standards and are not set up for cataclysmic event just as created nations are. In immature nations tremors cause substantially more passings too. After seismic tremors conditions regularly lead to across the board ailment episodes. Harm to medical clinics, water flexibly lines, sewage lines, and absence of lodging all add to the far reaching of infection. Created n ations have similar issues however thier severe construction laws, crisis powers, and readiness appear to limit the harm and passing brought about by seismic tremors. Regardless of if an individual lives in created or immature nation seismic tremors despite everything cause harm. A tidal wave is presumably the impact of a tremor. A wave is a gathering of monster ocean waves that get greater and greater as they draw nearer to the coast that generally strike all of a sudden. As these monster ocean waves come slamming down on the coast they cause servere flooding that suffocates many individuals quickly and cause a great deal of property harm. Alongside flooding from torrents streams are frequently rerouted during serious quakes and flood entire town. After most serious seismic tremors there are fires. The most exceedingly terrible piece of flames after a seismic tremor is that generally broken gas mains cause the flames. In the event that the gas mains are broken for the most part the water mains are likewise broken so firemen make some hard memories discovering water to extinguish the flames. Another impact of a seismic tremor is avalanches. Avalanches are hazardous on the off chance that they happen in light of the fact that more often than not anything in the way of an avalanche is demolished. Seismic tremors are extremely hazardous for a couple of reasons. Most importantly they can't be anticipated and second they can't be halted. In the event that a seismic tremor happens everything that could possibly be done is endure it. That is the reason everybody must be set up for a seismic tremor. The primary thing that must be found out about a tremor is that they can happen whenever and wherever. Two methodology that must be done so as to get ready for a seismic tremor is make a quake pack and get ready ones home for a seismic tremor. The essential seismic tremor unit ought to incorporate food

The Best Books About Obsessive Friendship For Fans of Killing Eve

The Best Books About Obsessive Friendship For Fans of Killing Eve Ever since I saw the 1999 movie version of Patricia Highsmiths The Talented Mr. Ripley,  Ive had a weakness for stories about obsessive friendship. Whether in the Ripley novels, or films and books like All About Eve, Rebecca, and Strangers on a Train, it seems Im not alone in enjoying the tales of charming sociopaths and the vapid friends they become obsessed with. The recent hit TV series Killing Eve (based on Luke Jenningss Codename Villanelle) adds a crime procedural twist to the tale of obsessive friendship. As Tara Isabella Burton wrote in her essay Queer Friendship and the Psychological Thriller,  When it comes to psychological thrillers, the motif of an obsessive friendshipâ€"rooted in the unrequited love of a dangerous, queer-coded murdererâ€"is one of the foundational tropes of the genre. Burton, the author of the new thriller Social Creature, is one of many authors reimagining this classic plot line for the 21st century. Here are some of our favorite recent takes on the tale of obsessive friendship: Social Creature by Tara Isabella Burton Louise has nothing. Lavinia has everything. After a chance encounter, the two spiral into an intimate, intense, and possibly toxic friendship. A Talented Mr. Ripley for the digital age, this seductive story takes a classic tale of obsession and makes it irresistibly new. Tangerine by Christine Mangan The last person Alice Shipley expected to see since arriving in Tangier with her new husband was Lucy Mason. After the accident at Bennington, the two friendsâ€"once inseparable roommatesâ€"haven’t spoken in over a year. But there Lucy was, trying to make things right and return to their old rhythms. Then Alice’s husband, John, goes missing, and Alice starts to question everything around her. Paulina Fran by Rachel B. Glaser At their New England art school, Paulina and Fran both stand apart from the crowd. On a school trip to Norway, the girls are drawn together, each disarmed by the other’s charisma.  Though their bond is instant and powerful, it’s also wracked by complications. When Fran winds up dating one of Paulina’s ex-boyfriends, an incensed Paulina becomes determined to destroy the couple, creating a rift that will shape their lives well past the halcyon days of art school. The Last Mrs. Parrish by Liv Constantine Amber is tired of being a nobody. She deserves moreâ€"a life of money and power like the one blond-haired, blue-eyed goddess Daphne Parrish takes for granted. Amber uses Daphne’s compassion and caring to insinuate herself into the family’s lifeâ€"the first step in a meticulous scheme to undermine her. But a skeleton from her past may undermine everything that Amber has worked towards, and if it is discovered, her well-laid plan may fall to pieces. Give Me Your Hand by Megan Abbott (August) Kit has risen to the top of her profession and is on the brink of achieving everything she wanted. She hasn’t let anything stop her.  But now someone else is standing in her wayâ€"Diane. Best friends at seventeen, their shared ambition made them inseparable. Until the day Diane told Kit her secretâ€"the worst thing she’d ever done, the worst thing Kit could imagineâ€"and it blew their friendship apart.  Kit is still the only person who knows what Diane did. And now Diane knows something about Kit that could destroy everything she’s worked so hard for. Eileen by Ottessa Moshfegh The Christmas season offers little cheer for Eileen Dunlop, a young woman trapped between her role as her alcoholic father’s carer in his squalid home and her day job as a secretary at the boys prison.  When the beautiful, charismatic Rebecca Saint John arrives on the scene as the new counselor at the prison, Eileen is enchanted and unable to resist what appears to be a miraculously budding friendship. In a Hitchcockian twist, her affection for Rebecca ultimately pulls her into complicity in a crime that surpasses her wildest imaginings. Bonus: YA tales of obsessive friendship Genuine Fraud by E. Lockhart Imogen is a runaway heiress, an orphan, a cook, and a cheat.  Jule is a fighter, a social chameleon, and an athlete. An intense friendship. A disappearance. A murder, or maybe two.  A bad romance, or maybe three. Blunt objects, disguises, blood, and chocolate. The American dream, superheroes, spies, and villains. A girl who refuses to give people what they want from her.  A girl who refuses to be the person she once was. Beware That Girl by Teresa Toten Kate O’Brians life has been a series of setbacks she’s had to snake her way out ofâ€"but she’s determined to change that. She’s book smart. She’s street-smart. Oh, and she’s also a masterful liar. She befriends  mega-wealthy yet deeply damaged Olivia Sumner as part of her ruthless plan. But a new teacher becomes an increasing threat to their friendship, and maybe to the girls themselves. But perhaps not as much of a danger as the girls are to each other. Looking for more? Check out With Friends Like These, Who Needs (the word) Frenemies? Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers.

Women Change the World - 1172 Words

I found two articles today that highlight how women can – and do – change the world. In Africa, there was a recent meeting of women who work in development to help spur gender equality throughout the continent and embed equality into development practices. Uganda has passed legislation stipulating that a third of the seats in parliament and local authorities should be occupied by women. Now, 29.8 percent of legislative seats are in female hands, according to the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU). â€Å"These milestones have promoted women’s visibility and voice in decision-making processes at all levels, which is the key tenet of democratic governance,† President Yoweri Museveni remarked when opening the meeting Meanwhile in Germany,†¦show more content†¦Practical steps of action taken as a result of what people learned that evening were: †¢ Buying products made by people released from trafficking – Over $1,500 was bought on the night, †¢ Donating to extend the work of NightLight in Bangkok where 75 women are employed and where a waiting list for employment exists – one person donated a month’s salary for a woman at NightLight, †¢ Signing up for more training on how to combat the commercial sex industry and reach those in it in LA, †¢ 11 new women joined the Women of Global Action: LA Chapter as a way to unite themselves with other women in their city who are concerned with justice issues impacting young women globally. Nathan George, founder of Trade as One commented: â€Å"The subject of exploiting the poor and vulnerable for the purposes of rape for profit is one of the most emotive subjects today, made all the more important because of the sheer scale of the industry. More people are trafficked today than in all of the 400 years of the transatlantic slave trade. 80% of them are women and children, and the majority are for the purposes of sexual exploitation. Combating a trade as large and powerful as this requires much wider general awareness not just of the issues but more specifically of tangible actions that can be taken by ordinary people to stop it. What WOGAShow MoreRelatedWomen Change the World1051 Words   |  5 PagesWomen change the world â€Å"A woman is like a tea bag- you never know how strong she is until she gets in hot water†, these were the well said words of former US first lady and leading feminist Eleanor Roosevelt. How many women do our lives comprise of, how many have we thanked. The daughters, the mothers,  the sisters, the fribblings – friends like siblings, the wives, the aunts, the nieces, the grand-some things, the young uns, the teens. The women in our  lives. Who love, lose, cry. Laugh, heal,Read MoreWomen Change the World1040 Words   |  5 PagesWomen change the world â€Å"A woman is like a tea bag- you never know how strong she is until she gets in hot water†, these were the well said words of former US first lady and leading feminist Eleanor Roosevelt. How many women do our lives comprise of, how many have we thanked. The daughters, the mothers,  the sisters, the fribblings – friends like siblings, the wives, the aunts, the nieces, the grand-some things, the young uns, the teens. The women in our  lives. Who love, lose, cry. 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They were not considered able to work outside the home. Women had a lower status than men in society. They were not even able to vote. During the first world war the women had to take over a lot of the mens jobs asRead MoreHow Women s Identity Is The World Goes Through Constant Economic, Cultural, Technological And Social Changes2091 Words   |  9 PagesThe world goes through constant economic, political, cultural, technological and social changes. Consequently, these changes affect the social subject: their habits, values, truths , and lifestyle. From a social pragmatic perspective of Discourse, this paper aims to observe how women’s identity is (re)constructed by the media. It deals with the concept of identity not as an essence or a fact of nature, but as a social construction compounded by diverse elements or attributes emerging from socialRead MoreA Time For Change . William G. Pollard, A Physicists, Had1509 Words   |  7 PagesA Time for Change William G. 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Indeed, if the delegate of the American Women s Trade Union League Congress, Mrs. Raymond Robins d eclared in 1917 that it was â€Å"the first hour in history for the women of the world† 1 onRead MoreY the Last Man1405 Words   |  6 Pagesparticularly interesting because if every male human and mammal were to die what would the world be? How would culture change not only in our country but also in every country across the world? Before reading this graphic novel I never would’ve thought about a scenario where every male dies in the whole world. But now that I have I’ll tell you how culture will change and how it will affect everyone across the world. Culture has many definitions but the one that regards to the kind of culture I willRead MoreWomen s Movements Across The Globe1512 Words   |  7 Pageswhich brought about major changes to the lives of many women in the United States, Canada and most other parts of the Western world. This is, because these movements opened women to professions and blue-collar jobs that previously had been reserved for men exclusively. The heyday of the women’s movement was in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In this essay, the struggle for change among women in the union movement will be examined. While treating this topic, the broad changes have taken place in workRead MoreHow did the perception of women change in WW2 Essay1670 Words   |  7 Pagesperception of women changed throughout the Second World War? World War Two (WW2) broke out in 1939 and would have great effect on the Australian Home Front. The impact was particularly felt by women and their role in society changed to a significant extent. These changes are clearly evident from many factors that took place during the course of the war although, the most significant changes were due to the introduction of women to the predominantly male orientated workforce, fashion change and restrictions

Should Athletes Be Paid - 4247 Words

Should College Athletes Be Paid George McCray Research and Writing Professor Pittell Strayer University Corruption, scandals, suspensions, firings and a systems that is systematically flawed all the while the fact of the matter is that the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) is a organization that is bringing in billions of dollars each year yet the labor force generating the money gets a scholarship that many athletes believe doesn’t pay enough for everything that is needed on campus so this leads the author to have to take a look at if athletes need to be paid. I will outline numerous problems that are going on in college athletics and possible solutions to problems. I will take a look at the scholarship itself†¦show more content†¦Of course, after the proposal came out college athletics directors and conference commissioners began protesting the new stipend by claiming of all things â€Å"they could not afford it†. Within a month, 125 of them had signed an override request. So the NCAA decided to cave on the idea. Some of the students who had alre ady signed that deal got to keep the $2000 stipend yet others who take money for a different type of deal, say with an overzealous booster for selling some of their team paraphernalia, as a few Ohio State players did violated the NCAA’s rules regarding amateurism and were hit with multi-game suspensions in addition to getting the coach Jim Trassell (see insert) fired. That is the second problem of the system that needs to be addressed. It all starts with money and the players see it and know it. They see that the NCAA’s college football and men’s basketball are huge commercial enterprises that generate more than 6 billion in annual revenue. That is more revenue than the National Basketball Association (NBA). People can see the television deals like the one signed with Turner Broadcasting and CBS sports to the tune of 14 years and 10.8 billion dollars for the rights to the men’s basketball championship aka March Madness. They play the college football game,(that uses their likeness), and basketball game that was stopped inShow MoreRelatedAthletes Should Not Be Paid1496 Words   |  6 PagesTitle Athletes suit up and perform on a daily and weekly basis. Week in and week out, athletes draw in thousands and thousands of fans to speculate the flashy performance. They give the best effort, putting themselves at risk, doing anything possible to insure a victory. Many hours of hard work are spent to perform the best they can. Through the dedication and performance of these athletes, speculations have aroused that athletes should begin to receive pay. Some people believe that colligate athletesRead MoreAthletes Should Not Be Paid1025 Words   |  5 Pagescombined with long hours invested by everyone involved with the Kentucky athletics program. College athletes should not be paid, because they are simply exchanging their talents for a free college education. Essentially they are already being paid because they get everything provided for them. The experience of a college athlete is similar to that of an internship with no expense to the athlete. They attend school at no cost, w hile simultaneously being afforded with the best accommodations atRead MoreAthletes Should Not Be Paid1494 Words   |  6 PagesAthletes suit up and perform on a daily and weekly basis. Week in and week out, athletes draw in thousands and thousands of fans to speculate the flashy performance. They give the best effort, putting themselves at risk, doing anything possible to insure a victory. Players spend hours of hard work and dedication to perform the best they can. Through the dedication and performance of these athletes, speculations have aroused that athletes should begin to receive pay. Some people believe that collegiateRead MoreAthletes Should Not Be Paid2161 Words   |  9 PagesProfessional athletes in the United States are given extremely substantial contracts and lucrative endorsement deals and it has been argued that their salaries should be reduced to smaller wages but others say they are paid accordingly. The argument that athletes are overpaid not only exists in th e United States but also all over the world. Most countries however do not have the variety of major sports that the U.S. has. When athletes are being paid millions of dollars each year, it raises anRead MoreAthletes Should Not Be Paid Than Athletes1131 Words   |  5 PagesProfessional athletes are making too much money in a society where salaries and wages are traditionally based on the value of ones work (Professional Athletes†). In today s society, one is not actually paid more based on the economic importance of their occupation. Instead, those involved in the entertainment industry get paid larger salaries than those shaping the future. In the 1996 basketball season, Michael Jordan made 170,000 dollars a day, whereas an average teacher will only collect 40Read MoreAthletes And Athletes Should Not Be Paid3056 Words   |  13 Pages Leagues such as the NFL, NBA, MLB, WNBA, and many more bring us entertainment on a daily bases, thanks to the athletes that strive everyda y by practicing as hard as they can so when game day comes they can perform for us. But what if these same athletes and other athletes that never made it to the professional level of sports focus and put for the same effort as they do for sports they love, to their academics while they were in school, could a better future be planned for them. As many know whenRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1578 Words   |  7 PagesAshay Mehta Nou Per 8 Should College Athletes Be Paid? One of the hottest debates in the sports industry is if college athletes should be paid. If you want to pay these athletes, how would the college determine the dollar amount that should be paid? Should the basketball team make more than the football team? Should the the soccer team be paid as well? Cheerleading? Chess team? Should everyone on the team get a salary? What if your college is good at football and your basketball team is awfulRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1239 Words   |  5 PagesLindsey Simmerman Speech 102 T/Th 1:00-2:15 October 25, 2016 Should college athletes be paid to play? Specific Purpose: To persuade the class to agree with my stance on paying college athletes to play sports Thesis: College football is the hours players spend practicing and performing, the number of injuries the players face, and the persona these athletes must portray every day all the while watching their schools, coaches, and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) get all the compensationRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1591 Words   |  7 PagesEducation Is Already Enough For College Athletes More and more it’s discussed daily on whether if college athletes should finally be paid, or remain unpaid, this topic is very important because college sports are very popular in the United States. College athletes should remain unpaid because it wouldn’t be fair to the other less watch sports that don’t bring in a lot of revenue, it wouldn’t be fair to the female athletes they wouldn’t be paid equally, college athletes already have advantages and receiveRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?968 Words   |  4 Pagesathletics is whether or not to pay student athletes for playing the sports that they do. Student athletes are given scholarships to cover most, or even potentially all, of their tuition and expenses in college, so it is not necessary to pay college athletes additional money. College athletes are not playing professional sports. They are students first, athletes second. College athletes should not be paid. Instead they should be compensated. Student athletes receive a large compensation in the form

Euler and Hamiltonian Circuits Free Essays

Euler and Hamiltonian Circuits As I type this sentence millions of students all over the country are in their math class either a) struggling to open their eyelids or b) tapping their fingers due to boredom and impatience. They have all failed to understand how the topic would later come of use. Although mathematics may seem to be â€Å"unnecessary† it teaches our brains to strategize, and think differently through the use of trial and error and problem solving. We will write a custom essay sample on Euler and Hamiltonian Circuits or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most individuals consider mathematics to be a dreadful topic, and can never really comprehend how it can be beneficial in our lives on a daily basis. Most of the time, they may seem to be correct. However, they are not. Most of the time, we are using its strategies without even acknowledging it. We use it for almost anything we do: currency, measurement, time, etc. Two examples of math we use on a regular basis are Euler and Hamiltonian Circuits. An Euler Circuit is a circuit that reaches each edge of a graph exactly once. (Malkevitch, 8) This theory is named after Leonhard Euler, an outstanding mathematician during the 18th century. Euler had been the first person to study this category of circuits. In addition, he was the creator of the theory of graphs, or graph theory. One of the many things he had found was that most graphs do not have an Euler circuit at all. Euler had also contributed to the field of mathematics in various ways. He was a very creative individual, establishing more than 500 works throughout his lifetime. Euler had been considered a prodigy because he was working with the most complex mathematical calculations under the very poor conditions he lived in, and proceeded to work with these problems until he had become totally blind. Malkevitch, 9) According to Professor Clark Kimberling, some of the other things Euler had discovered or had named after him in his honor are: e (the calculus number), a,b,c (the side lengths of a triangle), f(x) (for functional value), R and r (the circumradius and inradius of a triangle), sin x and cos x (values of sine and cosine functions), i (for the square root of -1), capital sigma (summation), and, lastly, capital delta (fini te difference). In 1736, Euler had come up with the idea of a graph when he held the ability to solve a problem in â€Å"recreational mathematics†. He had proven that it was not possible to go to a route visiting the seven bridges of the German town of Konigsberg only, and not more than, once. A Hamiltonian Circuit is a tour that begins at a vertex of a graph and visits each vertex exactly once, and then returns to where it had originated. (Malkevitch, 35) This theory is named after Sir William Rowan Hamilton, an Irish mathematician and astronomer, who lived from 1805 to 1865. Much like Euler, Hamilton was considered a prodigy except as a child. He had the ability to read four dialects (English, Hebrew, Greek, and Latin) by the time he reached the age of four. Additionally, he enjoyed writing poetry and was able to maintain close friendships with other well-known scholars such as Wordsworth and Coleridge. When he was just twenty-three years old, he became a Professor of Astronomy in Trinity College in Dublin, Ireland. (Bowen Larry) He received the privilege of having Hamiltonian Circuits named after him because he was one of the first to study it. However, the first to discover this concept was Thomas Kirkman, a British minister with a liking for mathematics, who lived from 1806 to 1895. These two concepts are significant to the field of mathematics because they are the appropriate devices for analyzing problems where it is necessary to visit each vertex or edge only once. People often associate Hamiltonian Circuits with Euler Circuits because they both prohibit reuse. Euler Circuits prohibits the reuse of edges whereas Hamiltonian Circuits do not allow the reuse of vertices. Both Euler and Hamiltonian circuits are extremely beneficial in our daily lives because they are classified under problems known as â€Å"routing problems†. According to Professor Larry Bowen, â€Å"routing problems† are problems whose solution attempts the most efficient way(s) of routing things among different destinations. These problems may appear in various areas such as: transportation, communications, and the delivery of services. Without our realization, we use Euler problems on a day-to-day basis specifically in management science. Anytime it is necessary for services to go through streets or roads the Euler Circuit theory can be more resourceful. To show more specific problems, Euler circuits can help an individual while they are salting icy roads, plowing snow, mowing grass along highways, collecting garbage, collecting debris or leaves from urban curbs, inspecting railroad tracks for flaws, or reading electric meters at private houses. (Malkevitch, 19) We use them to indicate where the arrows on the streets should be placed, and in what direction they should go in. In addition, we use them to construct the schedules for when parking is forbidden. Because parking-times are massive factors in street sweeping, it is essential find a circuit that visits streets when they are free of cars. Also, we use Euler circuits to distribute territory into multiple routes for street sweepers, parking officers, and sanitation workers. The objective is to find easy routes for them to travel by as well as taking traffic direction, number of lanes, parking-time restrictions, and divided routes into consideration. All of these examples are possible through management science, a field that most people would want to attain as a career in one day. (Malkevitch, Joseph) Just like Euler circuits problems, we essentially use Hamiltonian circuit problems on a daily basis as well specifically through the use of business efficiency. Hamiltonian circuits have many applications. The deliveries of mail and packages, or water meter inspections are done with the use of Hamiltonian circuit problems because it is necessary that they meet each vertex within a graph. Some examples of its regular uses are for inspecting traffic signals, for delivering mail to drop-off boxes, or for delivering Meals on Wheels to the elderly. (Malkevitch, 35) In addition, an individual can use a Hamiltonian Circuit when they plan on going on a vacation. They would construct a graph of all the places they would like to visit and figure the distances between all of the places, and essentially they would be able to figure out which is the best possible route to take as well as with the shortest distance. As shown in the examples above, Euler and Hamiltonian circuits have made advancements to their field because they give individuals assistance in transportation, communications, and delivery of services. They give all of the following areas the ability to come up with routes in a well-organized, efficient fashion. On a personal level, these types of circuits have interested me not only because of the history of the individuals who created them, but also because of what these circuits are used for on a daily basis. At first, when I had learned about the topic in class I was only focused on solely the arithmetic and formulas of the problems. Later, while researching into their uses, I was then aware of how they can be used in real-life situations. With a background of this information, if I ever wish to pursue a career in management science or business efficiency, I will have a general idea of how it works. Overall, these circuits can teach an individual how mathematics comes into play in real-life situations. Works Cited 1. Bowen, Larry, Dr. â€Å"Quick Summary. † Quick Summary. University of Alabama, n. . Web. 28 Nov. 2012. . 2. Malkevitch, Joseph. â€Å"Chapter 2: Business Efficiency. † For All Practical Purposes: Mathematical Literacy in Today’s World. 9th ed. New York: W. H. Freeman and, n. d. 35-57. Print. 3. Malkevitch, Joseph. â€Å"Chapter 1: Urban Services. † For All Practical Purposes: Mathematical Literacy in Today’s World. 9th ed. New York: W. H. F reeman and, n. d. 5-21. Print. 4. Kimberling, Clark. â€Å"Leonhard Euler. † LEONHARD EULER. University of Evansville, n. d. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. . 5. Bowen, Larry, Dr. â€Å"Introduction. † Introduction. University of Alabama, n. d. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. . How to cite Euler and Hamiltonian Circuits, Essay examples

Andrew Jackson hero/villain free essay sample

Andrew Jackson is a hero for leading the Tennessee Militia at the Battle at New Orleans and defeating the British. He made it the biggest battle of the War of 1 812, and became known as an American hero from then on out. Jacksons presidential election also helped him become more popular because he could relate to many Americans who were struggling with poverty, since he started from there and worked his way up to success. He being able to do that won him the election and, his presidency began very ell after he became the first president to pay off Americas national debt.Andrew Jackson is a villain for passing the Indian Removal Act in 1 830, allowing the Government to forcefully remove the Native Americans from Southern lands to Georgia. Jacksons reasoning for this was that it will separate them from the whites, free them from power of the states, let them pursue their own happiness, and help them become civilized. We will write a custom essay sample on Andrew Jackson hero/villain or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His reasons did not make much sense to many because what if they were already happy here they were? What if they were already civilized?Jackson did not care. This changed a lot of peoples opinion of him especially because during the Worcester vs.. Georgia case, the Supreme Court gave the Cherokee their victory simply stating that they did exist, but Jackson ignored it. He immediately wanted to enforce the law and made federal troops force out all the remaining Cherokee people living in Georgia, with only their clothes on their back. They then started on what is now called the Trail of Tears, where our thousand Cherokee would die.Andrew Jackson deserves to be on the 20 dollar bill. Despite his one bad decision as president, hes made many more honorable choices that still give him all the rights to be. Jackson was a strong leader and a humble person, who unlike most presidents had to work for his success. Andrew Jackson was neither a hero nor a villain yet has rightfully earned for his face to be on the 20 dollar bill for now and forever.

Progressivism Essay Example

Progressivism Essay Example Progressivism Essay Progressivism Essay Progressivism was an era that desired movement toward reform; it was not single instance but based on a series of advancements. With a new urban-industrial American on deck came the socioeconomic challenges of every day life. Ata basic level, It was a response to the political and cultural changes that plagued the nation, the challenges as side effect of an Industrial society. Many people were Involved In Progressivism, especially the middle class. Even the Immigrant, slum dwellers, and hard laborers took some initiative in hopes to refine the system. Collectively, the people embroiled the series of actions that demanded and granted changes the society of the nation, creating an era that was recognized for the progressive movement that led to outcomes that changed the socioeconomic status of America. Major concerns engulfed the nations society, thus leading to the desire for reform. Some of the central issues included the spread of poverty, the exploitation of labor, monopolies, the breakdown of democratic government, and social injustice. Overall the problems promoted a rapid movement toward financial and industrial concentration and the people were simply a side affect. Most Jobs were performed under hazardous conditions and for very little In wages. Wages were not even enough to support a family let alone feed their starving children. There was an absence of sick day, vacation time and certainly no benefits. Many workers were injured on the job and some even died as result, an example of the atrocities can be seen in many of the exposes by Lincoln Stiffen, The Shame of Cites (1901) and Jane Adams encouraged that a workers level they demand better conditions (Democracy and Social Ethics [1902] and Twenty Years at the Hull House [1910]). From miners inhaling toxic substances causing respiratory disease (Granites Cutter Journal), to textile mills burring to the ground with no chance for escape due to locked doors as exemplified in the incident of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, children often labored for long days and at very young ages. Corporations also grew at an alarming rate, determining monopolies and this controlling the prices of the good produced from them. Clearly at prices In which the common man, usually denned as the unskilled worked who maltreatment a barely there Income could not afford. The determination or financial gain by corporate leaders was at the expense of the middle class and rural labors. The abuse of political power was on the rise and resulted in fraudulent elections and bribery created by party loyalties. There was also little government support for those drowning in poverty, slums were in abundance and social morale was at an all time low. The only ones who seems to be afloat the poverty line and enjoying their lives were the corporate and scandalous political leaders who turned a blind eye to the reality of the society and the ruins it laid in Since many Americans ere worried that the economics in conjunction with political power would distract from the historic traditions of responsible democratic government and free Industrial opportunity they began to form what we know today as the progressives. The progressives Included much of the middle class which consisted of business men, teachers, lawyers, social workers, and people of religion. Often times new, middle class professionals suggested that the application of the professions would aid retorting ten problems noted In collect Muckraking Journalists were also Known as regressive. The Journalist sought to attack and sensationalist corruption and scandal with a sense of moral outrage. Also involved with the progressive movement were groups of frustrated workers who longed to stamp out capitalism. In addition, women too played an integral role in the successes of the Progressive Era as well. They pursued voting rights for woman and social welfare (playgrounds, nurseries to the slums, and banning of unsafe food goods). Though many progressive reformers tended to be white, activist W. E. B. Du Bobs, promoted African American reform and encouraged the demand for equality and full integration into American life. He helped form the NAACP that would help organized and evolve the urban black middle class. The middle class may have been the predominate group in the fight for change and served as an influential role that led to the accomplishments and reform established during this period, all people in the progressive culture were considered contributors in this effort. Progressives faced many difficulties in attempting to reform their society as they knew it; however they were not without many valiant successes. These successes were on a variety of levels, economically, socially and politically. Economically there were many gains, for instance, child labor was outlawed in 1907 by thirty states. The work day was now regulated by the Adamson Act of 1916 and due to many journalistic enlightenments investigators were now out and about evaluating workplace safety and potential hazards as seen in documents depicting horrendous conditions like Granites Cutter Journal depicting the miners hazards. The Jungle depicted the utter lows of the meat packing industry. Employers were now held viable for work related injuries and death (The Workmens Compensation Act of 1916). Monopolies were broken down, Theodore Roosevelt, a supporter of progressivism, was dubbed as the trust buster as he helped control big business. The biggest trust that Roosevelt busted was the one involving Northern Securities and J. P. Morgan. Roosevelt had a heavy hand in much of this reform though Wilson and Taft must also be commended for their efforts. Having progressives in political office aided in the success of reform, especially in the realm of government. The middle class peoples also did their part to improve politics. Voters were now allowed to propose new laws, accept or reject the law and to remove political officials and judges from office before their term was over. They also advocated for nominating candidates into primaries and holding elections that diverted fraud, bribery, and other scandalous activities. The Journalist muckrakers helped this cause by exploiting the political wrong doings. To accompany the political and economic success that had prevailed there were also many social advances made. Women, especially implement a support system for immigrants that had recently come to the country. Educational opportunities, sanitation, things as simple as garbage pick up, and municipal hygiene came into importance as did the ideas of proper behavior. Amusement parks like Coney Island offer an escape from the hard reality of the working world as did movies. The environment became a concern and movement toward reducing the coal burning toxins in the air was now a priority, It was thought that if the social environment, surrounding the people improved it would improve the people. By making Delegating ten communities It would Dost morale Ana motivate people to become more efficient and self sustaining. It would offer promise and reward to a society that had longer for reform. In lieu of the many gains that the Progressive Era established, there still loomed racism and moralist. Racism continued to run ramped backed by the blessing of the government. Even those ideals that were said to be equal in essence were but in reality were not. In particular would be political representation, the right to vote and schools for the black community. Schools were established for both white and blacks, proposing the idea that school was equally available however the quality of each was dramatically efferent. Violence against black was common; the technique of choice was lynching. It was taken to a whole new level when in 1916 a Texan mayor requested that the tree not be damaged during the hanging since it was on city property. Sometime the lynching was even conducted in front of crowds and graphic postcards were doled out after the brutal procedure was completed. Even some black communities were burned to the ground. Rarely did the authorities intervene. Many blacks were imprisons and trapped within the system, thought as inferior and treated as such. Aside from the darkness of racism also stemmed the moral issues of the time, drinking, prostitution and use of drugs. Drinking offered an escape to those who wanted a moment away from reality; women found prostitution as way to earn competitive wages for less time and less labor for that matter, and the use of opiates and its derivatives morphine and heroin became a familiar practice, supplied in even the most common of products like Coca-Cola. The use of drugs even carried racist undertones, of drug crazed Negroes and Chinese opium dens. Consistent increases in the smoking of cigarettes occurred. Perhaps this was a consequence of the stress that reform inevitably occurred? More likely though it was due to the initial lack of regulation of these immoral deemed behaviors that allowed for the perpetuation of them. In a time where some many positive gains were made there were some serious side effects to the advancement made in both industry and in the refinement of society. Prohibition soon followed promoted by many women leader, as did the regulation of food and drugs, requiring ingredients to be noted. With reform lingering in their minds it made it much easier to enter and find the positive aspects n the time of war. In the long run the war diminished the energies that were previously put into reform as their energy was now focused on the war itself. The war brought on corporate regulation to a new level and offered a global market during World War l. Since most men were away at war, many women and blacks were offer opportunities in the workforce, with regulated hours, set wages and various protections. This was something that progressivism enabled. Thus when we entered the war, progressivism did not die out but was indirectly supported even more, perhaps without even noticing. Factory work increased and real wages of unskilled worked improved. The war aided in the continued improvement of the economic status and moral reform of the nation. Progressivism was an era that desired movement toward reform; it was not single instance but based on a series of advancements. America was in turmoil due to internal problems and was in dire need of social reforms. It was a response to the political and social challenges that begged for reform. Many people were involved in Progressivism, especially the meme class. Even ten Immigrant, slum alerts, Ana nard ladders took some initiative in hopes to refine the system. Collectively, the people strives to achieve success in change. However with success came additional issues, racism and moralist Just to name a few. The issued of utmost importance were big business monopolies, corruption within a supposed democratic government and the nation in social ruins, a mess of poverty and low morale. The series of actions that demanded and granted changes the society of the nation, creating an era that was recognized for the progressive movement that led to outcomes that changed the socioeconomic status of America forever.

The Benefits of a Standing Desk and Risks of Sitting

The Benefits of a Standing Desk and Risks of Sitting Standing desks offer many benefits for your health and ergonomics. Break free from the chains of sitting at a desk and stand up for yourself and your health. Health Benefits of a Standing Desk The first major benefit of using a standing desk is avoiding all of the negatives that make sitting at a desk bad for you! Sitting for long periods of time causes metabolic issues–you dont produce chemicals necessary for processing sugars and fats, and your circulation suffers. Your skeleton and muscles form a reactive frame for your body which wants to move and respond to outside forces. Additionally, your muscles need to regularly flex to support healthy functions and chemical production. Standing allows your body to adjust and move easily, flexing your muscles continuously. It also keeps your blood circulating well. Movement regulates your blood sugar and keeps your blood pressure lower. And this lets you live longer! Risks of Sitting Sitting increases your chances of developing diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and blood clots or thrombosis. Studies have shown some dramatic effects of sitting for long periods of time. Those who sit a lot are 54 percent more likely to have a heart attack. Men who sit more than six hours a day have a 20 percent higher mortality rate; women have a 40 percent higher mortality rate. If you sit for more than 23 hours a week, you are 64 percent more likely to die from heart disease. In addition, studies have also shown that regular exercise does not counteract the effects of prolonged sitting. The only way to reduce or eliminate the negative impact of prolonged sitting is to not do it. Working at a standing desk will accomplish that for most people. Another benefit of a standing desk is that you burn more calories throughout the day. That will help with weight loss or maintain a healthy weight. Standing while working will burn one-third more calories than sitting will, which could account for an additional 500 calories burned in a day. Standing Can Reduce Pain There is anecdotal and scientific evidence to show that standing while working will alleviate back pain and other repetitive stress injuries. The problem usually comes from not using your back enough. When you sit, you dont hold your upper body with your muscles; rather, you let the chair hold you. This leads significant compression within the chest and abdominal cavities, slouching of the shoulders and rolling of the spine. These are classic causes of repetitive stress injuries and back pain. Working at a standing desk will keep your core and back muscles engaged throughout the day and improve your posture. Mental Benefits of Standing Another benefit of a standing desk is an increase in your focus, alertness, and activity level. When standing, it is easier to release restless energy. Combine that with the good circulation, stable blood sugar, and an active metabolism, and it is easier to focus on the task at hand. Standing while working will burn one-third more calories. Many authors and statesmen throughout the centuries who swear by working at a standing desk have claimed that it helps get the creative juices flowing. It also fights fatigue and improves lethargy. While this may sound like a contradiction, it is not. Standing while working helps fight off the naturally occurring slumps and bouts of fatigue that often happen mid-morning or early afternoon. Those are often related to metabolic drops after meals are processed by the body. Keeping your blood sugar level helps avoid those. Staying active and releasing restless energy also promotes a satisfying tiredness when it is time to sleep. Your mind isnt racing and your body is ready to rest.

Hawaii Environmental Policay and Act (HEPA) Essay

Hawaii Environmental Policay and Act (HEPA) - Essay Example Those who would want to make this type of developmental change must get the governments permission. Even proposed buildings or expansion projects of existing structures owned or controlled by the agencies of the government on public land is not exempt from getting the governments permission. You can get said permission from the Environment Department. The Office of Environmental Quality Control (OEQC) is directly charged with issuing the permission. The OEQC's primary task is to stimulate, expand and coordinate efforts to maintain the optimum quality of the States environment. All private as well as public entities and agencies must secure the aforementioned permission. This is how strict the government is that it requires itself, the Laie Elementary School is a government controlled and operated school, to obtain permission to build from itself, the OEQC another agency of the government. This safeguard is to make sure that there will be no destruction of the environment in any way. The Laie Elementary school wants to expand its cafeteria, and so must obtain the needed permission. They understand that they have to carefully study and know the rules of the OEQC. The school is prepared to do everything that the OEQC requires. I will discuss the issues that may affect the environment upon the implementation of the schools plan for developmental change. I will also explain the rules that must be followed before any expansion of the school may be allowed in Hawaii. I- Factual Background The project is located in the central area of Laie town in Oahu Island, more specifically in the campus of the Laie Elementary School. The place is owned by the State of Hawaii and the City and the County of Honolulu. The Campus is about 7.61 acres. Its land use classification is urban and is an R-5 residential under the zoning of the land use ordinance. R-5 zoning means that only single family residential units is occupying the neighboring lands. The proposed project consists of the expansion of the existing Laie Elementary school cafeteria. It will add an approximate of 3,600 SF or over 50% to the existing cafeteria. The cafeteria is approximately 30 years old and can fit only 250 occupants. At the present time the enrollment capacity of the school is at 900 students. To accommodate all students, the cafeteria's meal services have been made to provide meals in three shifts or batches. Presently Lunch is served in three seating shifts, from 10:45 AM to 11:15 AM. With the proposed expansion, lunches will still be served in shifts but it will be decreased to two seating shifts. The proposed expansion includes a dining area; new heater and electrical room; new tray return and wash area; locker room; toilet and an office space. The existing kitchen will be made bigger to accommodate the needs of cooking for the ever increasing school population. This will also ensure that meals are kept hot, preventing any bacterial growth and health issues that may arise from such growth. This developmental change will also include a much needed wastewater facility for the cafeteria. The facility will be connected to a local sewer system. At present, the cafeteria is not connected to a local sewer system. It uses a cesspool system. That pit poses environmental, health as well as safety

Bribery and Scandals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bribery and Scandals - Essay Example This is because when bribery is used as a mean, it gives one part unfair advantage over the other and hence kills the spirit and the very meaning of unfair play. Salt Lake City won the bid for hosting Winter Olympics 2002 and this meant commercial business worth $2.8 billion. The City had already once lost the bid to Nagano and was simply not willing to take no for an answer when bidding began in 1995. The decision had definitely created huge excited and enthusiasm and every thing looked good till an ugly bribery scandal was unearthed in 1998 and 1999. "The actions of Salt Lake bid committee members were a reaction to the 1991 loss to Nagano. Salt Lake bid officials believed their bid was technically superior to other cities in the competition, but they felt the city lost because Nagano bid officials had done more to appeal to individual IOC members. The Japanese bid was believed to have won support among IOC members when, for example, a substantial contribution was made by a Japanese business to the Olympic museum in Switzerland, a pet project of IOC President Samaranch." (Burbank) Someone this gave the Salt City officials the idea that in order to win the bid, it was best to have personal close relationships with members of the International Organizing Committee. And this idea gave birth to a series of bribes made to a number of major officials in the shape of extensive gifts, scholarships and vacations. They were even provided with "special" favors and comforts during their hotel stay. "In January, when the scandal broke, it looked like SLOC had paid off 13 of the 114 IOC members with $393,000, mostly in "scholarships and stipends" for family members. By the end of the month, the figure had risen to $800,000, with real cash bribes, and U.S. Olympic Committee member Alfredo La Mont had resigned amid allegations he took "consulting" fees to clue SLOC in on which IOC people were buyable. By early February, we were at $1.3 million for 24 members-a fifth of the IOC." (Mintz) It was an ugly episode in the history of Salt City and came to light when in November 1998, one television reporter got hold of a letter that was written by SLOC to the daughter of one of the IOC officials stating that her tuition assistance was being cancelled. This opened a Pandora box but initially the repercussions were quite muted. It was after the publication of a report by the ethics committee, that two main persons at the center of the scandal resigned and Governor Leavitt commented on the issue: "It must be made absolutely clear that the actions of a few do not reflect the values, moral expectations, or standards of behavior of this community and state. We deplore it, and revolt at being associated with them . The Olympics have been a shining light, but there is a sinister and dark corner of corruption. This culture of corruption has taken root because of a lack of accountability . This corner of Olympic corruption did not begin in Salt Lake City. But let it end here". (Leavitt 1999) The statement issued by the Governor showed that while he resented the actions, he did not blame his people for starting it. He gave the impression that it has been an on going practice. Whether he was right or not requires further investigation. We can only say that all in all, Salt Lake City scandal was indeed a scandal of bribery. The expensive gifts given to

Origins of the Cold War

Origins of the Cold War Thesis: Revisionist or Post revisionist blaming america The Cold War (1947-1991) was a continuing political conflict, military tension, economic competition and nuclear arm race between the two superpowers of the time, the USA and the USSR. It is a conflict inherited from the Second World War which did not lead to a hot war but to many proxy wars, coalitions, propaganda and espionage. The Cold War was based in a growing sense of fear and distrust, holding the former allies to a confrontation that neither could afford but at the same time that neither could escape. There are three different theses about the origins of the Cold War: the Orthodox, the Revisionist and the Post-revisionist. The Orthodox American view, as set by the American government and as reaffirmed recently by most American scholars, had been that the Cold War was an essential response of free men to communist aggression. The Orthodox view blames the USSR for the start of the cold war. (ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR, by Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.) The revisionist thesis is very different. They see it in its extreme form, that after the end of World War II the United Stated deliberately abandoned the wartime policy of collaboration and with the possession of the atomic bomb, undertook a course of aggression to expel Russian influence from Eastern Europe and to establish democracy and capitalism everywhere. This aggression from the United States towards Russia left Moscow no alternative but to take measures of defense. Therefore to have as a result the Cold War. (ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR, by Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.) The post revisionist view blames both the Americans and the Russians. In the thesis itself, there is a deeper split between scholars in two groups: those who blame the Americans more and those who blame the Russians more. (International Relations since 1945, by Young and Kent) In this paper I will critically examine the origins of the Cold War based in the Post-Revisionist view which blames the USA more than the USSR. There are three main justifications of why the cold war started: Ideology, National Security and Power. I will divide this paper in these three main ideas showing them on chronological basis with different examples and I will explain each of them showing that in my view the real origin of the Cold War was the desire for Power and dominance of the USA in Europe and the whole world. The origins of the Cold War date since World War I, in 1914 when the competing ideas of communism and liberal democracy came into conflict. Since the October revolution took place in Russia (1917) followed by the start of the civil war (1918), the West became worried. President Woodrow Wilson immediately sent troops to fight against the Bolsheviks. At first look this would have seemed as a complete normal action: Wilson had to send troops to fight against the Bolsheviks otherwise he would not respect the 14 points he had addressed to the congress. Thinking about the 14 points which included peace, freedom, national self-determination, free trade and international cooperation one could understand that the action of sending troops to fight the Bolsheviks was not only because of respecting this points that he had made himself. By analyzing it, we can see that if the USA let Russia have the revolution and establish communism, there would not be any free trade and the USA would not be leading the world anymore. Since that time we can see that there was ground for the start of the Cold War. This intervention from Wilson showed clearly and convinced Stalin and many others, even more that the West would do everything to destroy his communist dream. After the Second World War the alliance between the three leaders of the three superpowers, USA, Russia and Britain started to have problems. This alliance was created thanks to the help of a common greater enemy and soon its end would come. The alliance was successful because it had won the war, but it would not be able to survive the peace. The historic differences, the ideologies and mostly the need for power were two difficult to overcome. Nearly three decades later these ideologies did not change. There were many conferences that took place. One to mention was the Potsdam conference were no agreement was reached. At the conference President Truman asked Stalin to withdraw his troops from Central and Eastern Europe and to hold free elections in Poland. Stalin answered firmly that he was not going to do so because this would harm his national security. Poland has always been the border that the threat for Russia could come from, that is why it is more than justified that Russia has to look after its national security. This did not convince the West. But was Russia to blame for trying to protect its own state from a threat? It is true that Russia did not join the United Nations, and Hull said that this security could be achieved with a post war peacemaking organization, but in this case the UN was an American organization. A big reason for the start of the Cold War was the division of Germany. The superpowers could not find an agreement in this case. By 1946, the United States and Britain were making every effort to unify all of Germany under western rule. The Soviet Union responded by consolidating its grip on Europe by creating satellite states in 1946 and 1947. One by one, communist governments, loyal to Moscow, were set up in Poland, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria. Stalin used Soviet communism to dominate half of Europe. Why Stalin did this might not be clear. Was he trying to build an international communist movement beginning in Eastern Europe? Or, was he simply trying to protect his borders from any intervention on the part of the United States or the allies as with the case of Poland? Another cause of the cold war revolved around a relatively new development in United States-Soviet relations. At the beginning of 1946, Truman decided that he was tired of babysitting the Soviets who understand only an iron fist and strong language. Stalin responded in February with a speech stressing the basic incompatibility between Soviet communism and western democracy, thus inaugurating a new hard line policy. Frustrated, Washington found meaning in a crucial document known as the Long Telegram. In 1946, the Soviet expert George Kennan, sent an 8000 word telegram to Washington from Moscow. Kennan was a Foreign Service officer who new Russia well. He understood their history, their culture and their language. Kennan explained the communist mentality in the following way. The Soviets hostility to the west is rooted in the need to legitimize their bloody dictatorship they must therefore believe in the inevitable triumph of communism over the beast capitalism. The Soviets, Kennan c ontinued, would exploit every opportunity to extend their system and therefore could not and would not be converted to a policy of harmony and cooperation.(ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR, by Arthur Schlesinger, Jr) While at the same day of the Potsdam conference (it was the first day of the conference) in the desert of Mexico a blinding flash was seen. This blinding flash was nothing else but the first test for the atomic bomb, which did start the nuclear age. Was Russia now right to be concerned about their national security? With this act of the possession of a very dangerous weapon the USA pushed its limits and put more pressure on the Russian making the relations even worst. The USA had no excuses to worry about their national security in terms of territory or weapons. The world had to worry about their national security because the USA just showed them their immense power. The question that I would like to raise in this crucial point is: Did America fought for ideology or was it for national security? How could the Americans talk about a world of freedom, peace and international cooperation when they were the ones who produced a lethal weapon which could bring just war and destruction? If they fought for national security in the USA, what kind of security was it? The Americans were not threatened in terms of land, nor would anyone go and invade them. Why did they claim that their national security was strongly connected with what was happening in other countries in the world? I strongly believe, and facts show as well that national security was only a mask to hide behind the aim of the USA to dominate the world. Americans did not limit their interventions just in Europe. During the Korean War we could see that the Americans sent their troops there with the pretest of peace and freedom, but the reality was different. They send their troops with the only goal which was to defend American interest in the region. They did not limit themselves to just support the South Koreans but they pushed until they reached the Chinese border. They were very close to start the Third World War. These actions do not show a nation that promotes peace and freedom, but one that promotes imperialism and dominance of the world. When President Truman voiced his accusation at the White House regarding red imperialism he said so: The United Nations is in Korea because they have to put down an aggression that threatens all human hopes for peace and justice. If the aggression is successful it will spread in Asia, Europe and America. We are fighting in Korea for our own national security and survival. As I said above the Americans did not have a matter of national security. They were not endangered in terms of land and territory; rather they were endangered by an attack from the USSR. Maybe Europe and Asia and the rest of the world should be more concerned about their national security now that America had in its possession the atomic bomb. Maybe what President Truman meant was that if communism wins in Korea; it would be a threat to his plan to dominate the world because he would have to share the power with the USSR. When the Russians developed nuclear power, the USA used this against them. People went out in the streets of America protesting against the evil Russian empire that had nuclear weapons and was planning to destroy the world. This showed that propaganda was a big weapon in the hands of American politicians. No one thought of what Russian people feared when they realized that the Americans had nuclear weapons. Since this was an arm race and since the Americans turned it into a nuclear race I believe that it was more than justified for the Russians to develop their own nuclear weapons in the name of security. During this time a new phenomenon started in America. As I said before propaganda was very important. The Americans were scared that communism would start within the country and its own people, which is why they used Hollywood actors to talk against it. The USA propaganda was that America was a place where freedom of speech, religion, political views was respected; unlike Russia where if people were against communism, they were jailed or killed. It did not look like this was the case for the Hollywood Ten. The Hollywood Ten was a group of actors and other famous figures of television that refused to talk publicly against communism. They all were commanded to jail because of their beliefs. This clearly is an example that shows how these two ideologies were more similar than they appeared to be. President Truman in one of his speeches said that he was not going to end democracy and he was not going to turn FBI in Gestapo to fight communism. He was going to ensure freedom of speech, of choice and peace; promises that he did not keep, shown in the act of jailing the Hollywood ten and many other communist supporters. After the death of the Soviet Union leader the communist world was lost. No one knew who would lead the country; therefore a group leadership took place. Georgi Malenkov spoke for the party in one of their meetings by stating: We stand as we have always stood, for peaceful coexistence of the two systems. This was clearly a strong statement that for the first time sent a message of peace and cooperation to the USA from the USSR. The question that raises here is if this was just soviet propaganda or if the new leaders where different than the old. Even if it was one or the other, this was a moment for peace and cooperation. If this chance for peace ever existed the USA secretary of state John Foster Dulles destroyed it by saying publicly: We are not dancing on any Russian tune. His view was that the declaration of Malenkov was a Russian plot to divide the western allies. Except from showing paranoia and mistrust and fear, which was normal in a time of war, this shows also the small int erest of the Americans for cooperation and peace; it clearly means that the Americans wanted to get rid of the USSR and rule the world alone. At the time when Nikita Hrushov became the leader of the USSR, relations with the USA changed. He was the first leader from the USSR to visit the USA. After his visit there, he expressed in the Party meeting that relationships with the USA will be friendlier from now on. This would lead to a peaceful world order. In the meantime the Americans had been flying spy planes on Soviet air. While the Soviets where having one of their national parades, where they showed the friendship between the two superpowers one of the American spy planes was flying in Soviet air. The plane was shot down by the Soviets and as it crushed, at the same time the hopes for peace and cooperation between the two powers crushed as well. If the Americans would have accepted the cooperation and friendly relations they were constructing with the USSR and not be greedy and spy on them the world would have been more peaceful. But the Americans view was not to preserve their ideology and national security but to domin ate the world. Because they screwed the relationships with Russia they had to lie both to their people and to the Russians. But Hrushov knew that this was not the truth. In the end the American leader had to come to an open field and reveal the truth. This did not help the government look better in the eyes of the people or of the USSR. The Vietnam War made it even worst. America helped South Vietnam by supporting it in becoming a capitalist country. Although Vietnam was not of any importance to the American they feared that if the Vietnamese turned to be communist many other countries would do the same. They believed in the Domino principle. The difference of Vietnam from other countries was that Vietnam was no communism under Moscow. Its leader Ho Chi Minh was communist itself and he used communism to bring people together in one state. After two decades of unsuccessful war the Americans left Vietnam. After Vietnams War people lost trust in the government and communism overcame democracy. It was not a good time for the Americans which decided to use the policy of DÃ ©tente. When the troops came back from Vietnam, President Gerald Ford said as follows: These events tragic as they are show neither the end of the world nor the end of American leadership in the world. With these exact words I believe that it was the first time that a western leader went out so openly to express the real intentions of the Americans. From Fords words we can understand that these intentions were far away from spreading of freedom, peace and national security, but they were about Americas leadership in of the world. The Vietnam War was a very good victory for the Russians. During the Vietnam Syndrome in the US and with the victory of the Vietnam War the Russians continued to produce more arms and to march towards the goal of winning the cold war which was one of their biggest mistakes. The United States did not intervene only in Vietnam and Korea but in many other places as well. Because of the expansionist threat they had from the Soviet Union, in 1949 President Truman and the Congress approved nearly 400$ million for technical development programs in Latin America, Asia and Africa. The goal of this program, as the American claim was to modernize and strengthen developing nations and discourage the growth of communism. By giving this aid, as the Marshall Plan they were not aiming in helping these nations, but being able to have them under American control in the future. These are steps that Americans took towards governing the world. While the Americans thought of universalism, the Russians thought of spheres of influence and the British thought of a balance of powers. It is clear that the Americans wanted universalism because if not they would have been cut out of the world and would not be able to take part in European politics and decision taking. What the Russ ians wanted was just to ensure their national security which was constantly threatened and keep governing Easter Europe. (ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR, by Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.) The difference between America and the USSR is, that the USSR did not intervene in many countries and made them communist; they helped those countries who wanted to become. (Example: Vietnam) In contrast America intervened in every country that wanted to turn its regime in communism with their free will. This shows that the Americans were not concerned about the will of the people in each country, but they were mostly concerned about their power and their position in the world. Another example of the American intervention in European affairs was also the creation of NATO. The idea for something like NATO grew from general European fears of renewed Soviet aggression. Hitler was still on everybodys mind. Although Hitler was dead, was Stalin perhaps viewed as the next aggressor? Regardless of whether or not Stalin was hell-bent on world domination, the point here is that he was perceived to be an aggressor in the Hitler mold. Western Europe also needed some guarantee from the United States that they would be protected from any aggression while they began the slow process of economic recovery. For the United States, NATO signified that the United States could no longer remain isolated from European affairs. Indeed, NATO meant that European affairs were now American affairs as well. But Stalin was not Hitler. Furthermore, the Soviets were not Nazis. And in the end there was very little evidence of a Soviet plot to invade Western Europe. All NATO really did was intensify Soviets fears of the West and to produce even higher levels of international tension. In conclusion, based on the post-revisionist view with a higher blame on America I have to say that the only origin of the cold war was the goal of the USA to govern the world; an goal that we can see reached in todays world.

A Managerial Approach to Marketing

The product that I will be proposing in the meeting will be a video game called FaDream. FaDream’s platform will be connected to the FaDream Game Portal. This website will have a collection of downloadable games for the users.The users of FaDream will have to get the membership to the FaDream Game Portal in order to gain access to numerous games of all sorts. They will be charged with membership fees every month in order to stay connected. Besides this they will have to get a platform with remotes, virtual gaming equipment, etc.There have been video games in the past but what makes this one different from the rest is that this video game will only work once it is connected to the internet. It will be linked to a website called www.FaDream.com/gameportal which will have a collection of downloadable games.People might argue that such technology is nothing new because of the online games present on the internet through the computer. FaDream cannot be compared with online gaming b ecause the experience that the players will get with FaDream will be unmatched. What makes this product new is the quality, availability and variety of games present at all times.There will be no more hassle of buying expensive CDs from the store and taking care of them. There will be no more hassle of repairing the sensitive lens in the video game platform. All the users will need is the platform and an internet connection. The technology will be successful because of widespread use of internet already all over the world. Another factor which makes this different from everything else in the market is the affordability.FaDream will be Entertainment with Affordibiltiy. The price of the platform will be a fraction of what is paid for other video games in the market and this is what makes this product is feasible. To be more precise the price range of the platform will fall within $80 to $90 and besides this the membership fees will be approximately $7 per month.This is all about the p roduct and price of FaDream. This project will be joint venture with XYZ Company which already has a name in the market in order to gain confidence of its audience.The target audience that we will be satisfying with this technology will be middle class males and females within the age range of 8 to 30 years. The age range is so large because of the variety of games available on the FaDream portal. It has games for every gender and age. It will be advertised in magazines all over the world. Other mediums of advertisement that will be used will be the internet and television.The logo which will be used for advertisement will be Entertainment with Affordability. After an intense advertisement campaign which will inform the audience about the product, FaDream will be launched worldwide. After this launch, the advertising strategy will be changed and the advertisements will become persuasive. Once the audience has knowledge about the product, they will have to be convinced that they need to have it with them.In conclusion, this product is totally new in the market and this is its strength but we must not forget that the market has been taken over by very strong competition. Getting people to recognize FaDream from among every other video game will be a threat and a challenge. We must ensure that the marketing strategy that will be employed by us must have no limitations because a good marketing strategy will be our only opportunity. Â  

Society s Opinion On The People Who Is Not Like The Rest

How many people does one actually know that either has piercings unnatural hair color, tattoos or has each of them? Now what might their personalities be like; are they outgoing, rebellious, shy? Does their appearance affect the personality, or the person in general, of those people that they may know; what about society s opinion on the people who is not like the rest does that include their decision on how they think of their friend? How are the ones, who do not go by societal standards, affected by having piercings, unnatural hair color, and tattoo. What if one those people is a manager and their friend who has piercings, unnatural hair, and or tattoos †¦ would they still hire them to his, or her, company? For people with their†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, as well as piercings, tattoos has also been around for a long time since dating back to the B.C. age back then it was used as a mark to tell social status, if the person is a criminal or not, etc. but in today s world, we use them as a form of creativity. All things considered, if knowing the history behind piercings, unnatural hair colors, and tattoos would it still affect, the opinions one has upon the creative population. It has been accepted for centuries until around the around the seventeen-hundreds, but now it is once becoming popular again, and people who like to stick to the old ways, do not like it. Likewise, we grew up thinking it is wrong and could be impossible to obtain a job as a result of people judging too quickly and remarks of rebellion, unprofessionalism, trying to receive attention, and multiple other harsh things are said about those who have them. Nonetheless, people with decorated bodies in tod ay s workforce world are judged too quickly before even receiving a chance to prove that they are a great worker despite having piercings, unnatural hair, and tattoos, it is time for all of that to change and others to start accepting. Furthermore, piercings come in oodles of shapes and sizes, one can get them pretty much anywhere as well. They are a form of self expression, even though it might not seem so, but it corresponds toShow MoreRelatedThe Catcher in the Rye is about a teenage boy named Holden Caulfield who doesn’t exactly fit in600 Words   |  3 Pagesabout a teenage boy named Holden Caulfield who doesn’t exactly fit in with his society. We know he doesn’t fit it because in the first scene Holden decides not to attend his school’s football game, which most people attend. Holden is a very opinionated person who criticizes most things. Hold did not belong in the 1940’s idea of a perfect society. But, would Holden Caulfield fit in to today’s society? Holden Caulfield would be more critical of today’s society. Holden would have many more prejudices todayRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511408 Words   |  6 PagesEach book portrays different societies. In â€Å"Fahrenheit 451,† firemen are the people who have a job of hunting down and burning any books found in the community. In â€Å"The Giver,† there is no war, no crime committed, and no hunger. Every person has a job and a purpose. PARAGRAPH 1 Ray Bradbury portrays a dystopian vision in his novel â€Å"Fahrenheit 451.† Fahrenheit 451 is a dystopian society which attempts to become a utopian society. This is difficult because the people in the community still questionRead MoreHypothesis. Obesity Has Become One Of The Biggest Health1728 Words   |  7 PagesHypothesis Obesity has become one of the biggest health threats to today’s society. 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Society and individuals do not denote separable phenomena, but are simply collective and distributive aspects of the same thing†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Thomas Francis O Dea) In this aspect of his theoryRead MoreThe Last Of The Mohicans1611 Words   |  7 PagesJames Fenimore Cooper and Racism Racism. It runs rampant in today’s society, let alone early American literature. In most early American literature, the prospect of interracial relationships and people from races other than Caucasian were looked at through fear-tinted lenses and seen as undesirable and distasteful. In examining James Fenimore Cooper’s novel The Last of the Mohicans, readers can discover that Cooper feels there are problems that can arise due to the mingling of races, while overcomingRead MoreEthical views expressed in Lord of the Flies1045 Words   |  5 Pagesexternal and internal conflict that lies within each of us. 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Echoing Footsteps Rape, Victims, Survivors, and What We...

Echoing Footsteps: Rape, Victims, Survivors, and What We Can Do Rape is devastating to its victims. I feel as if this statement should stand alone, underlined and in bold typeface. It is crucial that we, as a society, come to a deep understanding and awareness of this message. For that reason, I will state it again: Rape is devastating to its victims. Thirty percent of rape victims will contemplate suicide. Slightly more will seek therapy. Slightly less will invest in some form of self-defense. The overwhelming majority, 82%, will tell you that their lives have been permanently changed. The way they view men will be permanently changed as well (Warshaw 66). Forty-one percent of victims go through life†¦show more content†¦We can help. We can find out what victims’ legal options are, and if we act together, we can improve those options. We can support local shelters and hotlines. We can support our loved ones should they be hurt, directly or indirectly, by this crime. We can disseminate the truth so that no one can claim ignorance of the fact that rape is devastating. So what is the truth about rape? In 1996, 362 rapes were reported in Tucson, Arizona. Three times that, 974 rapes were reported in the state of Arizona during that time period (Koss 1). Government estimates find that three to ten rapes are committed for every one reported (Warshaw 12). That means almost 10,000 women were raped in Arizona in one year. Evidence obtained by crisis hotlines and outreach programs suggests that these figures are extremely low. Moreover, 84% of these victims knew and trusted their attackers (Koss 6). Have I got your attention? Destroy your preconceptions and social myths. Women are not raped by strangers. No one deserves to be raped. No one. Nothing you say or do can be considered â€Å"asking for it.† No means no, even when you are wearing your sexiest clothes, drinking, kissing, or being a flirt. Once you have said no, it is rape. Even if you find yourself paralyzed, even if you do not fight back, it is still rape. It is not your fault, and you do not need to feel guilty for not fighting back. A rapist is a rapist, whether he/she has a gun, a knife